پرورش خلاقیت در آموزش هنر پایۀ نهم: طراحی راهبردهای آموزشی مبتنی بر برنامۀ درسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آموزش هنر، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی 889-14665 ، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد فلسفه هنر، گروه فلسفه هنر، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

10.48310/edup.2026.21597.1448

چکیده

چکیده
هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل موانع پرورش خلاقیت در آموزش هنر پایه نهم و طراحی راهبردهای آموزشی مبتنی بر دیدگاه معلمان و دانش‌آموزان بود. این مطالعه با رویکرد ترکیبی (کیفی-کمی) در سال تحصیلی ۱۴۰۲-۱۴۰۳ در استان مرکزی انجام شد. داده‌های کیفی از طریق مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۱۸ معلم هنر و داده‌های کمی با پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته از ۲۲۰ دانش‌آموز پایه نهم گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از کدگذاری سه‌مرحله‌ای و آمار توصیفی انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها نشان داد که اکثریت قریب به اتفاق دانش‌آموزان (۷۱٪) به خلاقیت و آزادی در فرآیند هنری تمایل دارند، در حالی که تنها عده‌ی محدودی (1۹٪) رویکرد تکنیک‌محور را ترجیح می‌دهند. از دیدگاه معلمان، مهم‌ترین موانع خلاقیت به ترتیب عبارت بودند از: عادت دانش‌آموزان به طرح‌های آماده، بی‌انگیزگی، نظام ارزشیابی نامناسب، کمبود زمان تدریس و محدودیت منابع آموزشی. در زمینه راهبردها، مهم‌ترین پیشنهادهای معلمان شامل تأکید بر انجام فعالیت‌ها در کلاس تحت نظارت معلم، استفاده از پروژه‌های گروهی، افزایش تسلط حرفه‌ای معلمان، بازنگری در شیوه‌های ارزشیابی و ادغام فناوری در آموزش بود.
نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد شکاف عمیقی بین تمایل ذاتی دانش‌آموزان به خلاقیت و موانع ساختاری موجود وجود دارد. این مسئله بازنگری اساسی در سه حوزه را ضروری می‌سازد: اصلاح نظام ارزشیابی از محصول‌محوری به فرآیندمحوری، بازنگری در برنامه درسی تربیت معلم با تأکید بر روانشناسی خلاقیت، و توانمندسازی معلمان در زمینه روش‌های فعال تدریس. اجرای این راهبردها می‌تواند آموزش هنر را از حافظه‌محوری به سمت پرورش تفکر خلاق سوق دهد و زمینه‌ساز تربیت نسلی خلاق و نوآور باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fostering Creativity in Ninth-Grade Art Education: Designing Teaching Strategies Based on the Curriculum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Olfat 1
  • rezvaneh sadat hoseini 2
1 Department of Art Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. in Philosophy of Art, Department of Philosophy of Art, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: As creativity becomes crucial in today's world, art education's role in nurturing it grows more important. This study examines the barriers to fostering creativity in ninth-grade art classes in Iran and proposes practical solutions to transform art classrooms into spaces that encourage creative development.

Materials and Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, this research was conducted in Markazi Province during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were collected through interviews with 18 art teachers and questionnaires from 220 ninth-grade students, analyzed through thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.

Findings: Results showed 71% of students desire creative freedom, while only 19% prefer technical approaches. Teachers identified key obstacles as: dependency on pre-made designs, student demotivation, inadequate evaluation systems, limited teaching time, and insufficient resources. Recommended strategies include process-focused activities, group projects, enhanced teacher training, and technology integration.

Conclusion: Significant gaps exist between students' creative needs and current educational structures. Essential reforms include shifting to process-oriented evaluation, updating teacher training programs, and providing ongoing teacher support. Implementing these changes can effectively transition art education from memorization to creativity cultivation, though broader studies are needed to validate these findings across different contexts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Creativity
  • Art Education
  • Ninth Grade
  • Educational Strategies
  • Mixed-Methods Research
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