تحلیل تطبیقی اندیشه هنری ژیرو و پائولو فریره در تبیین هویت و مأموریت معلمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه آموزش ابتدایی، پردیس چمران، دانشگاه فرهنگیان. تهران، ایران

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل تطبیقی اندیشه‌های انتقادی هنری ژیرو و پائولو فریره در تبیین هویت و مأموریت معلمان انجام شده است. با توجه به تفاوت‌های تاریخی و اجتماعی میان این دو اندیشمند، هر دو بر این اصل مشترک تأکید دارند که آموزش فرآیندی سیاسی، فرهنگی و اخلاقی است و معلمان باید به‌عنوان عاملان تغییر اجتماعی، روشنفکران عمومی و کنشگران آگاه ایفای نقش کنند؛ امری که خلأ پژوهش‌های تطبیقی منسجم در این حوزه را آشکارتر می‌سازد. روش این پژوهش از نظر رویکرد تطبیقی (بردی)، از نظر هدف بنیادی–کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت کیفی–توصیفی است و با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای کیفی بر اساس الگوی چهارمرحله‌ای بردی انجام شده است. روایی ابزار از طریق بازبینی متخصصان و پایایی آن از طریق توافق بین دو پژوهشگر در مراحل تفسیر و مقایسه تأمین شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد فریره آموزش را «کنش رهایی‌بخش» می‌فهمد که بر پایه گفت‌وگوی انتقادی، آگاهی‌بخشی و رهایی از بی‌صدایی، انفعال آموخته‌شده و غفلت اجتماعی استوار است. در مقابل، ژیرو آموزش را «سیاست فرهنگی مقاومت» تلقی می‌کند و بر مبارزه با نولیبرالیسم، نقد هژمونی فرهنگی و بازسازی حوزه عمومی تأکید دارد. همچنین هویت معلم در اندیشه فریره بر مسئولیت اخلاقی و رابطه انسانی مبتنی است، در حالی‌که ژیرو معلم را روشنفکر انتقادی و مداخله‌گر فرهنگی می‌داند. نتیجه‌گیری پژوهش نشان می‌دهد تلفیق عناصر کلیدی این دو دیدگاه می‌تواند الگویی بومی‌پذیر برای تحول تربیت معلم در ایران فراهم آورد و نقش معلم را از مجری برنامه‌های رسمی به کنشگری آگاه و مسئول اجتماعی ارتقا دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Analysis of Henry Giroux’s and Paulo Freire’s Thought in Explaining the Identity and Mission of Teachers

نویسنده [English]

  • seyyed ramzan aghili
Department of Elementary Education, Chamran Campus, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives This study offers a comparative analysis of Henry Giroux’s and Paulo Freire’s critical perspectives on the identity and mission of teachers. Although emerging from different historical and social contexts, both theorists view education as a political, cultural, and ethical process in which teachers act as agents of social transformation and critical public intellectuals. This shared perspective highlights the need for systematic comparative research in this field.‌Methods This study adopts a comparative (Bereday) approach, is fundamental–applied in terms of purpose, and qualitative–descriptive in nature, employing qualitative content analysis based on Bereday’s four-stage model. The content validity of the research instrument was ensured through expert review, and its analytical reliability was established through inter-researcher agreement during the interpretation and comparison stages. Findings The findings indicate that Freire conceptualizes education as liberatory praxis grounded in dialogue, conscientization, and resistance to silence and passivity. Giroux, by contrast, frames education as a cultural politics of resistance, emphasizing opposition to neoliberalism and critique of hegemonic power. Freire roots teacher identity in ethical responsibility, while Giroux presents the teacher as a critical intellectual. Conclusion:-Integrating‌these views provides a context-sensitive framework for transforming teacher education in Iran, shifting teachers toward socially responsible agents of change.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • . Brady’s method
  • Critical pedagogy
  • Giroux
  • Freire
  • Teacher identity
  • Teacher mission
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