شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر اجرای آموزش بالینی دانشجومعلمان دانشگاه فرهنگیان و ارائه الگویی برای اجرای مؤثر آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک

2 دانشیار برنامه ریزی درسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان

3 استادیار برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک

چکیده

کیفیت آموزش و یاددهی یکی از مهمترین عوامل در یادگیری دانش‌آموزان، در عصر حاضر، شناخته شده است؛ بنابراین، توجه به آماده‌سازی معلمان، در رأس برنامه‌های اصلاحی اکثر کشورهای جهان قرار گرفته است. آنها به دنبال پاسخ‌دادن به این سؤال هستند که «بهترین روش برای آماده‌سازی مؤثر معلمان چیست؟» پاسخ به این سؤال، به مطالعات گسترده‌ای منجر شد که در بسیاری از آنها، بر اهمیت کاربرد آموزش‌های بالینی در آماده‌سازی معلمان، با الگوبرداری از دانشکده‌های پزشکی و بیمارستان‌های وابسته به آنها، تأکید شده است. از این‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر اجرای این نوع آموزش در آماده‌سازی دانشجومعلمان در ایران است. این مطالعه، یک پژوهش کیفی است که با استفاده از روش گرندد تئوری انجام شده است ؛ در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش گلوله‌برفی، تعداد 60 نفر از کارشناسان، استادان، معلمان و دانشجویان شناسایی  و با آنان مصاحبه شده است. اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده از این مصاحبه‌ها، به صورت مکتوب درآمده و با استفاده از روش مقایسه مداوم استراوس و کوربین، تجزیه و تحلیل شده است؛ 11 مضمون اصلی از یافته‌ها آشکار شد که می‌تواند بر اجرای مؤثر آموزش بالینی تأثیرگذار باشد. این مضمون‌ها عبارت‌اند از: هماهنگی و انسجام دانشگاه و مدرسه، ساختارسازی برای عمل، شکل‌گیری یک محیط آموزشی تعاملی، برنامه‌ریزی عملیاتی مشارکتی، توسعه حرفه‌ای پرسنل، توسعه تجارب بالینی دانشجو، گفت‌وگوی حرفه‌ای، ارزیابی عملکردمحور، ارائه بازخورد، به‌سازی زنجیره یادگیری و پشتیبانی مالی. پس از استخراج مقولات عمده و تعیین مقوله هسته‌ای در مرحله کدگذاری انتخابی، با استفاده از تعقیب خط اصلی داستان در چارچوب یک مدل پارادایمی که در بر گیرنده شرایط، فرایندها، تعاملات و پیامدهایی بود، نظریه زمینه‌ای ارائه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of factors affecting the implementation of clinical education of teacher-students in Farhangian University and offering a model for its effective implementation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Narjis Rastgari 1
  • Ne'matullah Musa Poor 2
  • Faeze Nateqi 3
1 PhD in education curriculum, Islamic Azad University of Arak
2 Associate professor of education curriculum , Farhangian University.
3 PhD in education curriculum
چکیده [English]

Since the quality of teaching and learning has now been recognized as one of the most important factors in student learning, attention to teacher training has been at the head of the reformist programs of most countries in the world. They seek to answer the question, "What is the best way to effectively prepare teachers?" This has led to extensive studies, and in many of them, the importance of the use of clinical training in the preparation Teachers' education is emphasized by the modeling of medical faculties and hospitals affiliated with them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the implementation of this type of training in the preparation of student teachers in Iran. This study is a qualitative research based on the "Foundation Data" approach. In this section, using a snowball method, 60 experts, teachers, teachers and students were identified and interviewed. The information obtained from these interviews was written and analyzed using Strauss & Corbin's continuous comparison method. Eleven main themes emerged from findings that could affect the effective implementation of clinical education. These themes include: coordination and coherence of university and school, structuring for action, forming an interactive educational environment, collaborative operational planning, personnel professional development, student clinical experiences development, professional dialogue Performance-based assessment, feedback, improvement of learning chains and financial support. After extracting major categories and determining the core category in the selective coding stage, using the tracing of the main line of the story in the framework of a paradigm model, which includes the conditions, processes / interactions and consequences, than to provide a theory Grounds for action.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Clinical education
  • Clinical judgment
  • Diagnostic interventions
  • Teacher- students
  • Clinical supervision
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