نظریه انتظار-ارزش و مدل FIT-Choice: چهارچوبی برای بررسی انگیزه‌های انتخاب شغل معلمی در دانشجومعلمان پردیس شهید بهشتی مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار آموزش زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان

چکیده

شغل معلمی از جمله شغل‌های پراهمیت در همه کشورهاست و به همین دلیل انگیزه‌های انتخاب شغل معلمی در پژوهش‌های مختلف بررسی شده است. برای فراهم‌آوردن امکان بررسی نظام‌مند انگیزه‌های شغل معلمی و بر اساس نظریه انتظار-ارزش، وات و ریچاردسون مدل و مقیاس FIT-Choice را تهیه کرده‌اند. در این مطالعه پس از بررسی روایی و پایایی این مقیاس، انگیزه‌ها و نظرات 175 دانشجومعلم ورودی 95 پردیس شهید بهشتی بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان داده است که انگیزه تقدس شغل معلمی که در مقیاس FIT-choice به آن توجهی نشده مهم‌ترین انگیزه است و پس از آن انگیزه‌های کارکردی اجتماعی شامل کمک به بهبود اجتماع، شکل‌صدهی آینده کودکان و نوجوانان، انگیزه ارزش درونی و توانایی تدریس و تجربیات یادگیری و آموزش قبلی قرار دارند. انگیزه کارکردی فردی امنیت شغلی نیز جزء انگیزه‌های مهم است؛ اما سایر انگیزه‌های فردی مانند وقت آزاد برای خانواده در رده‌های پایین‌تر قرار داشتند. علاوه بر این، با وجود اینکه دانشجومعلمان شغل معلمی را شغلی تخصصی و پرزحمت و کم‌درآمد تلقی می‌کردند، رضایت بسیاری از انتخاب این شغل نشان داده‌اند. یافته‌ها شباهت انگیزه‌های دانشجومعلمان را بر اساس مدل FIT-Choice با مطالعات در سایر کشورها نشان می‌دهد. علاوه بر این مشخص شد دانشجومعلمان رشته‌های علوم پایه انگیزه‌های کمتری نسبت به دانشجومعلمان رشته‌های علوم‌انسانی دارند. بنابراین در طول دوره تحصیل باید برای حفظ و ارتقای سطح انگیزه‌های دانشجومعلمان تلاش و برنامه‌ریزی کرد تا انگیزه دانش‌آموزان رشته‌های علوم‌‌تجربی و ریاضی نیز برای انتخاب شغل معلمی افزایش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Expectancy-Value Theory and FIT-Choice Model: Frameworks for Studying Motivations of Student Teachers in Shahid Beheshti Campus of Mashhad for Becoming Teachers

نویسنده [English]

  • Ahmad Reza Eghtesadi Roudi
Assistant Professor of ELT, Farhangian University, Shahid Beheshti Campus of Mashhad.
چکیده [English]

In all countries, teaching is among highly important jobs and for this reason, motivations to become a teacher have received various research attention. To provide a systematic framework for studying teaching motivations based on expectancy-value theory, Watt and Richardson developed the FIT-Choice model and scale. In this study, after examining the reliability and construct validity of this scale, motivations and perceptions of 175 of freshmen at Shahid Beheshti Campus of Mashhad were studied. Results showed holiness of teaching which has not been taken into account in FIT-Choice model had the highest mean and it was followed by social utility values including making social contribution, shape future of children/adolescents, and intrinsic career value, ability, and prior teaching and learning experiences. Personal utility value of job security was also among the important motivations, but other personal utility values such as time for family were at lower levels. Moreover, although students viewed teaching a difficult, ill-paid job, which requires expertise, they were satisfied with their choice of teaching. Results also show that the motivations and perceptions of Iranian student teachers are similar to the motivations of student and novice teachers in other countries where FIT-Choice model has been used. Another finding was that students of science majors had lower motivations and perceptions compared to the students of humanities. The results indicate the necessity of maintaining and improving the motivations of student teachers and planning so that motivations of science and math high school students for becoming teachers are also improved.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Motivation
  • perception
  • teaching job
  • expectancy-value theory
  • FIT-Choice model
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